Using digital logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR and other related logic functions is often the foundation for defining the relationship between electrical signals and how they ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Optical logic circuits employing microring resonators represent a rapidly evolving area within photonic integrated circuits, where miniaturised ring structures facilitate the realisation of high-speed ...

Since 1972, scientists have known there are four basic circuit components, but if you’ve spent any time in an electrical engineering classroom, you probably only have experience with three: capacitor, ...

I've covered tons of different scientific applications you can run on your computer to do rather complex calculations, but so far, I've not really given much thought to the hardware on which this ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...